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The Dark Side of Hollywood | Secret Societies

The Dark Side of Hollywood | Secret Societies - YouTube

Transcripts:

Hollywood doesn't just sell dreams. It buries secrets. Behind the red carpets and flashing cameras are whispers of masked rituals, [music] forbidden clubs, and elite societies that thrive in the shadows. From 18th century devil worshippers to modern [music] celebrity cults, power has always demanded a price. Some say fame [music] is earned.

Others say it's initiated. What happens at these gatherings [music] is never filmed. But their influence is everywhere. Symbols repeat. Careers explode. Silence follows. Tonight, we pull back the curtain on Hollywood's [music] darkest secret societies and what they don't want you to see. [music] The Hellfire Club. It's the year 1755.

You're deep in the English countryside, standing outside the ruins of Medman Abbey at 3:00 in the morning. A line of black carriages pulls up and outstep the most powerful men in the world. ministers of parliament, the chancellor of the exjecker, the guys who literally run the British Empire.

 But they aren't here for a policy meeting. They're wearing hooded monk robes, carrying torches, and chanting mock Latin prayers. They head down into a series of handcarved limestone tunnels, tunnels that still exist today, by the way. And they enter a room lit by hundreds of flickering candles. On a central altar sits a silver goblet filled with expensive wine, and beside it, a baboon dressed in a cardinal's outfit.

 The Grandmaster raises his glass and shouts, "do what thou wilt." This isn't a scene from a horror movie. This was a Tuesday night for the Hellfire Club. And if you think this stayed in the 18th century, you haven't been looking at Hollywood closely enough. What's up, guys? Today, we're diving into the absolute deepest rabbit hole of the industry.

 We're talking about the secret society that basically invented the elite party aesthetic. If you've ever seen a movie where masked billionaires do weird rituals in a mansion, you're looking at the ghost of the Hellfire Club. We're going to look at the history, the insane rumors of human sacrifice, and why some people think the biggest names in Hollywood are still keeping these monk traditions alive today.

 So, let's talk about the OG devil himself, Sir Francis Dashwood. This guy was a total troll. He was a high-ranking politician who was bored with the church and bored with the law. So, he started the monks of Medmanham. This wasn't just a drinking club. It was a highstake satirical cult. They held black masses where they mocked religious ceremonies, engaged in massive orgies, and used their meetings to network for political power.

 Think of it as the 1700's version of a super VIP Coachella afterparty, but with way more blasphemy and zero cell phones to leak the footage. Now, this is where it gets spicy for the conspiracy theorists. While the official history says the club was just a bunch of rich guys playing dress up and being rakes, the rumors at the time were way darker.

 We're talking grave robbing packs with the devil for political luck and even whispers of disappearing guests. The public was terrified of them. Eventually, the scandals got too big, reputations were ruined, and the club disbanded. But did it really, or did it just go underground and move across the Atlantic? Fast forward to 1999.

 Legendary director Stanley Kubri releases Eyes Wide Shut. The movie is famous for that one scene. You know, the one where Tom Cruz sneaks into a masked ritual at a massive estate. the chanting, the robes, the masked anonymity of the elites. That is a direct beat forbeat reference to the Hellfire Club's aesthetic.

 Rumor has it that Kubric was trying to show us something real. And get this, he died just days after showing the final cut to the studio. People have been obsessed ever since, wondering if he flew too close to the sun and revealed what actually happens at the real Hollywood parties. Even today, the Hellfire brand is everywhere.

 You've seen it in Stranger Things, where they use the name for a D&D club, which is a clever way to hide the dark history in plain sight. But the conspiracy angle goes deeper. Some researchers point to the Grove or the Secret Gallers in the Hollywood Hills, where A-list stars are seen wearing masks and capes, mirroring Dashwood's rituals perfectly.

 They argue that the Hellfire Club never died. It just traded limestone tunnels for soundstages and private islands. The question is, why? Why do the most famous people on Earth feel the need to join these exclusive circles? Is it just for the debauchery? Or is there a blood covenant involved? If you want to stay at the top of the food chain, do you have to prove you're willing to break every rule of society? Some say the club is a front for elite control, a place where you're filmed doing something taboo, so the people in charge always

have leverage over you. It's the ultimate insurance policy for fame. We're just scratching the surface here. But the Hellfire Club set the blueprint for every secret society that followed. It proved that if you have enough money and power, you can get away with anything behind closed doors. But as we're going to see next, not every society is about sex and wine.

 Some are looking for something much more supernatural. The Rosacruians, it's 1925, the height of the silent film era. A massive movie star, let's call him the king of Hollywood, is sitting in his dressing room at United Artists. But he isn't looking at a script. He's staring into a bowl of liquid mercury surrounded by old parchment scrolls and a single deep red rose resting on a golden cross.

 He believes that by staring into the reflection and chanting specific frequencies, he can literally manifest his next box office hit out of thin air. He isn't just an actor, he's a student of the Rosacrruian. While the Hellfire Club was all about the physical, the parties, the wine, the chaos, the Rosacrruian are the ones playing the long game with your mind, they aren't trying to break the rules of society.

They're trying to rewrite the laws of reality itself. And honestly, they might have actually done it. Rosacruians, or the Order of the Rose, is the secret society that basically invented the mystical genius trope. We're going to look at their 400-year-old manifestos, their obsession with alchemy, and why your favorite modern movies are actually giant multi-million dollar sigils designed to reprogram your subconscious mind while you're munching on popcorn.

So, who were these guys? Back in the early 1600s, a bunch of mysterious pamphlets started appearing in Europe. They claimed to be written by a secret brotherhood of alchemists who had found the ancient wisdom, the secrets of the Egyptians and the Greeks that could turn lead into gold and humans into gods. Now, modern historians will tell you alchemy was just early chemistry.

 But the Rosacrruian, they knew better. To them, turning lead into gold was a metaphor. It was about taking a clueless human and transmuting them into an enlightened elite. It's about personal branding before branding was even a thing. Fast forward to the birth of Hollywood. When the film industry moved to California in the early 1900s, it wasn't just for the sunshine.

 It was for the vibes. Los Angeles became a massive magnet for mystery schools. You had theosophists, occultists, and rosacian setting up shop right next to the major studios. Early stars and directors were obsessed with this stuff. They believed that if they put certain symbols in their films, triangles, roses, specific geometric patterns, they could bypass the viewer's logic and plant ideas directly into their brain.

 Think about it. Why do so many films follow the exact same hero's journey beat forbeat? Is it just good storytelling or is it a rosacrruian ritual designed to make us evolve in a specific direction? Let's look at the evidence. Have you ever noticed how many rose motifs appear in high concept cinema? Look at the red shoes or more recently Arya's Midsummer.

In Midsummer, the main character is literally covered in flowers in a way that mirrors old Rosacruian diagrams of the souls bloom. or look at Jay-Z's 444 imagery or his use of the Hove persona. There is a deep symbolic language being used here that goes way beyond it looks cool. A cult experts argue that Hollywood is a Rosacruian laboratory.

The screen is the black mirror they use to scry into our collective psyche. The conspiracy angle is even wilder. Some people believe the Rosacruians are the good cops of the Illuminati, while other groups want to control you through fear or debt. The Rosacrruian want to control you through spiritual engineering.

 They use films like The Matrix or Inception to tell us that the world isn't real, which sounds deep and enlightening, right? But critics argue this is actually a form of gaslighting the masses. If they can make us believe that reality is just a dream, we won't notice when they're the ones holding the remote.

 They are the architects of the Hollywood simulation, using alchemy to turn our attention into their currency. It's not just about the movies, either. Look at the architecture of the Hollywood Hills. the philosophical research society in Los and the hidden shrines scattered throughout the city. The Rosacrruian influence is baked into the very soil of California.

 They believe that by harmonizing science and magic, they can create a new Atlantis. And Hollywood is the megaphone they use to announce it to the world. They aren't hiding in tunnels like the Hellfire Club. They're hiding in the subtext of your favorite Disney movie or Marvel blockbuster.

 So the next time you see a character in a movie staring into a mirror or find yourself obsessed with a specific rose symbol in a music video, ask yourself, is this just art or is someone trying to transmute your mind? The Rosacrruian don't need to force you to do anything. They just wait for you to pay for the ticket to your own initiation.

 But if you think these alchemists are weird and scary, wait until we get to the next part of this story. We're going from the rose to the bone. We're talking about the society that literally robs graves to ensure their members stay on top. The Kadaava Society. It's a moonless night on a prestigious ivycovered campus.

 A group of four guys in customtailored black suits are crouching behind a tombstone in a local cemetery. They aren't there to pay respects. They've got shovels, a heavyduty flashlight, and a secret oath to keep. They dig until they hit wood, pry open the lid of a century old casket, and reach for the one thing they need to complete their initiation, a human skull.

 This isn't a deleted scene from Saltburn or a Netflix true crime teaser. This is the rumored Tuesday night for the Kadaava Society. And the wildest part, the guys holding those shovels aren't just edgy college kids. They are the future CEOs, directors, and it boys who are about to head straight to Hollywood to decide what you watch for the next 40 years.

 We've covered the party animals of the Hellfire Club and the mind hackers of the Rosacrruian, but now we are going somewhere much, much darker. We're talking about the Kadaava Society. This is a group so secretive that most people think they're just an urban legend based out of Washington and Lee University and tied into a massive web of other death obsessed groups like Yale Skull and Bones.

 This society represents the ultimate dark academia nightmare. We're going to look at their obsession with human remains, their terrifyingly high success rate in the film industry, and the conspiracy theory that Hollywood's most disturbing horror movies are actually just internal memos from their initiation rituals.

 So, let's get into the history. The Kadaava Society was founded in the 19th century, and from day one, their whole vibe was mystery and morbidity. While other fraternities were busy throwing keggers, these guys were focused on the macaba. Their symbol is a skull and crossed bones. And their headquarters is a windowless building that most students are too scared to even walk past.

 But here's the kicker. To get in, you don't just need a high GPA. You need the bone. Rumors have persisted for over a century that members have to participate in grave robbing rituals [music] to prove their loyalty. The idea is that once you've committed a crime like that with a group of people, you are bonded for life.

 You can never snitch because they have the receipts on you. It's the ultimate bloodin, blood out pact. But for the 1 percenters, now how does this link to Hollywood? This is where it gets crazy. If you look at the alumni lists of these types of graverobing societies, they are packed with people who end up as massive power players in media and production.

 We're talking about the guys who greenlight the movies that keep you awake at night. Have you ever wondered why Hollywood is so obsessed with the gritty reboot or why horror movies have become so incredibly nihilistic lately? Some theorists argue that it's because the people making them have been desensitized to death since they were 20 years old.

 When you've spent your college years chilling with actual skeletons in a windowless room, a movie like Arahead or Hereditary isn't just art. It's a reflection of your real life social circle. Take a look at the movie The Skulls. It was marketed as a teen thriller. But if you dig into the production, it was written by people who grew up in the shadow of these Ivy League societies.

 They say the best way to hide a secret is to turn it into a fictional movie so that when someone tries to expose the truth, people just say, "Oh, you just watched that movie with Joshua Jackson." It's a classic misdirection play. But the conspiracy goes even deeper. There are rumors of the Necro pipeline, a system where Kadaava society members in Hollywood specifically hire and promote other bonesmen or cadaavvers, creating a closed loop of power.

 This isn't just nepotism. It's a death cult monopoly on storytelling. The graverobing aspect isn't just about the shock factor either. In occult circles, holding the physical remains of the dead is believed to give you power over the ancestral line. It's about necromancy, the idea that you can harness the energy of the past to build your future.

 When these guys move to Hollywood, they bring that death energy with them. They create films that focus on decay, trauma, and the unearthing of secrets. They are training the audience to be as obsessed with death as they are. It's a form of cultural desensitization. If they can make the whole world comfortable with the macab, then the secret things they do in their windowless rooms don't seem so bad anymore.

 But why would they want us to be obsessed with death? Some say it's about control. A population that is scared and nihilistic is way easier to manage than one that is hopeful and connected. By flooding the cultural bloodstream with imagery of corpses and rituals, they are slowly turning the real world into a cadaavver society of its own.

 We're all just grave robbers now, digging through the past for the next viral true crime hit or the next scary trend. We're halfway through this journey and things are getting heavy. We've seen the sex, the alchemy, and now the skeletons, but now we're going to move away from the shadows and into the spotlight. We're talking about the society that doesn't hide in cemeteries because it owns the biggest buildings in Hollywood.

 A group that doesn't need to rob graves because it already owns the black files on every major star in the world. It's time to talk about Scientology. You're a struggling actor in LA. You've got $0 in your bank account, but you've got a massive dream. Suddenly, a friendly guy in a crisp suit approaches you outside a theater.

 He offers you a free personality test. You go inside a massive shiny building, and before you know it, you're holding two metal cans connected to a needle-based machine. They call it an E-meter. A guy starts asking you incredibly personal questions. your deepest fears, your darkest secrets, the things you wouldn't even tell your mom.

 You feel a weird sense of relief as you confess. But here's what they don't tell you. There's a camera behind the glass recording everything. Those secrets aren't being erased. They're being filed away in a black file. And if you ever become a superstar, that file is exactly how they're going to make sure you never ever leave.

 Scientology isn't just a religion or a self-help group. For the elite of Hollywood, it's a highstake celebrity panopticon. We're going to look at how a sci-fi writer named Elron Hubbed built a billion-dollar empire. How they recruit stars like Tom Cruz and John Travolta, and the terrifying conspiracy that they basically run a private intelligence agency right in the heart of Los Angeles.

 So, let's look at the origin story. Hubard was a pulp fiction writer who realized that if you really want to get rich, you don't write stories, you start a movement. He created Dionetics, which eventually turned into Scientology. The core theology sounds like a blockbuster movie. An intergalactic overlord named Zenu brought billions of people to Earth 75 million years ago and blew them up with hydrogen bombs.

 Now their souls called Thatans are stuck to us and we have to pay thousands of dollars for auditing sessions to get rid of them. It sounds wild, right? But in the 1970s and 80s, this was the ultimate biohack for Hollywood elites who wanted to feel special. But here's where the secret society aspect kicks in.

 Scientology has something called the Celebrity Center. It's a literal castle [music] in Hollywood designed specifically to cater to A-listers. They don't recruit these stars just for their money. They recruit them for their influence. If Tom Cruz says Scientology changed his life, millions of people listen. But the dark side is the disconnection policy.

 If you join and then decide to leave, or if your family criticizes the church, you are forced to disconnect from them. You lose your parents, your kids, and your career. It's the ultimate social execution. We've seen this play out with people like Leah Remeny and the victims in the Danny Masterson case.

 The church allegedly uses its massive resources to silence anyone who speaks out. Now, let's get into the conspiracy angle. Have you ever wondered why certain stars seem untouchable despite massive scandals? Or why some actors careers just vanish overnight? Rumor has it that Scientology has infiltrated the LAPD and highlevel casting agencies.

 Some theorists believe they use their black files, the recordings of those confessional auditing sessions to blackmail the most powerful people in Hollywood. Think about it. If you knew every dirty secret of a studio head, you could basically control which movies get made and who gets cast. It's a shadow government hiding behind a taxexempt status. Then there's the Seaorg.

 This is the hardcore paramilitary wing of the group where members sign billion-year contracts. There are whispers of Gold Base, a massive fencedin compound in the desert with motion sensors and sniper nests. People ask, "Why does a religion need snipers?" The conspiracy theorists suggest it's because they aren't just protecting a church.

 They're protecting a command center for the Hollywood elite. They are the muscle that ensures the stars stay in line and the brand stays protected at all costs. Notice how Scientologysy's promotional videos look exactly like high-budget Tom Cruz movies. The lighting, the editing, the heroic music. They have their own film studio, Scientology Media Productions.

 They are literally building a parallel Hollywood where they control the narrative from start to finish. They aren't just influencing movies anymore. They are becoming the movie. They've turned spiritual enlightenment into a subscription service for fame. But if you think a celebrity cult is the peak of the pyramid, you're wrong. Scientology is about control in the light.

 But our next group is about control in the dark. We're going back to the east coast. We're talking about Skull and Bones. The group that doesn't just own the stars, it owns the presidents who command them. Grab your shovels because now we'll find out who actually runs the world. Skull and Bones. You're standing in front of a windowless brownstone building at Yale University that looks more like a medieval dungeon than a college clubhouse.

 They call it the tomb. It's midnight and inside 15 of the most powerful seniors on the planet are gathered around a table. In the center sits the actual stolen skull of the Apache leader Gono. One by one, these guys, the sons of presidents, billionaires, and CIA directors, lie naked in a silklined coffin. They have to confess every single sexual secret and moral failure they've ever had to the rest of the group.

 Once you're out of that coffin, you aren't just a student anymore. You are a bonesman. You've been reborn into a brotherhood that has a 322year-old plan for the world. And if you think this is just a weird frat ritual, remember this. In the 2004 US election, both George W. Bush and John Kerry were members. No matter who you voted for, the Bones won.

 We've looked at the Hollywood cults and the grave robbers. But now we're hitting the final boss level of secret societies. We're talking about Skull and Bones, also known as the Order 322. This is the group that links the Ivy League directly to the CIA and the Hollywood propaganda machine.

 We're going to look at their Brotherhood of Death origins, their obsession with confessional leverage, and the terrifying theory that they don't just watch movies, they use Hollywood to script the actual future of the human race. Founded in 1832 by William Huntington Russell, the group was inspired by German occult societies. The number 322 supposedly refers to the year 322 BC when the Greek orator Deathanes died, marking the end of true democracy and the start of elite rule.

From day one, the goal was simple. Select the top 15 guys every year and put them in positions of absolute power. And it worked. The Bones have produced presidents, Supreme Court justices, and the literal founders of the CIA. But here is where it gets Hollywood. For a secret society to stay secret, they need to control the narrative.

 That's where the bonesmen in the film industry come in. Have you ever noticed how many spy thrillers and deep state movies seem to have an inside track on how the government actually works? Look at The Good Shepherd directed by Robert Dairo. It's a movie that basically spells out how Skull and Bones members created the CIA.

 Or look at the show Gossip Girl or even The Simpsons where the skulls are constantly referenced as the people pulling the strings. This is called predictive programming. By showing us the secret society in a fictional way, they make us think the real thing is just a joke. It's the ultimate hiding in plain sight tactic. If a Bonesman is running a major movie studio, he can make sure that any conspiracy theory that hits too close to home is turned into a low-budget horror flick so nobody takes it seriously.

 Now, let's get into the nepotism conspiracy. In Hollywood, we always talk about Nepo babies, but the Bones take it to a whole new level. Some researchers believe that the Bonesmen in production specifically cast the world's reality. They don't just pick actors for movies. They pick actors for politics and news. They use their Ivy League networks to ensure that their brothers are the ones writing the scripts, directing the news cycles, and managing the public's perception of war and economy.

 It's a closed loop of Yale to Hollywood power that ensures the 322 agenda stays on track. If you're a bonesman in a high-ranking studio position, you aren't just looking for the next Avengers. You're looking for a way to shape the national mindset. But why the death obsession? Why the coffins and the skulls? Just like the cadaavver society we talked about earlier.

 It's all about leverage. When you confess your darkest secrets in a coffin to 14 other guys who are destined for power, you are giving them the kill switch for your career. You can never betray the bones because they know everything about you. This creates a unified front in Hollywood and DC.

 It's why you rarely see these people breaking ranks. They are bonded by the skull and they know that in their world death is the only way out. They've turned the tomb into the boardroom of the planet. The conspiracy angle here is that Skull and Bones is the American branch of the Illuminati. They are the ones who took the occult rituals of Europe and modernized them for the American Empire.

They use Hollywood as their global megaphone to broadcast their symbols and their new world order philosophy to the masses. Every time you see a Bones reference in a movie, it's a ping to other members, a sign that they are still in control. They aren't just making movies. They are making history. We've seen the power, the politics, and the propaganda.

 But there is one final group we have to discuss. If Skull and Bones is the brain of the operation, our final society is the soul. Or maybe the dark soul, it's time to tell the story of the Otto. Or do Temply Orientis, the wickedest show on Earth. It's 1946 in a suburban garage in Pasadena, California. But it doesn't smell like oil or old boxes.

 It smells like heavy incense and expensive blood orange candles. On the floor, a worldclass rocket scientist named Jack Parsons, the guy who literally helped found NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab, is standing inside a chalkdrawn pentagram. He's chanting in a language that sounds like static.

 And beside him is a young science fiction writer named Elron Hubbed. They aren't trying to build a rocket today. They're performing the Babylon working, a ritual designed to manifest a moonchild, a literal supernatural entity. This isn't some niche urban legend. This is the foundation of the Otto in Los Angeles. These men weren't just hobbyists.

 They were the architects of the modern world. And they believed that sex magic was the fuel that would launch humanity into a new dark age of dilemma. This is the secret society that doesn't just influence Hollywood, it practically coded the DNA of pop culture. We're going to look at the wickedest man in the world, Alistister Crowley.

 The sex magic rituals that allegedly fuel your favorite rock stars careers, and the terrifying theory that every shocking music video you see is actually a high-level invocation designed to open a portal in your living room. So, who was the mastermind? Alistister Crowley. This guy was a total menace to 1920s society.

He was a mountain climber, a poet, and a great beast who claimed he received a book called the book of the law from a supernatural entity in Egypt. His motto was simple, do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law. It sounds like the ultimate free spirit anthem, right? But in the hands of the Otto, it became a blueprint for total transgression.

 They believed that by breaking every moral taboo, especially through sex magic, they could harness raw cosmic energy to manifest fame, power, and genius. And when the Otto moved to Los Angeles in the 1930s via the Agape Lodge, Hollywood was never the same. Think about the Crowley aesthetic.

 Have you ever noticed how many legendary musicians and actors are obsessed with this guy? Jimmy Paige from Led Zeppelin literally bought Crowley's Old House. David Bowie sang about the Crowley estate and the Golden Dawn. The Beatles put Crowley's face on the cover of Sergeant Peppers. Why? Because the Otto taught the elite that art isn't just entertainment, it's magic.

 When a director like Kenneth Anger, a massive Otto devote, made movies like Lucifer Rising. He wasn't just filming actors. He was filming real rituals. He believed the film itself was a talisman that would cast a spell on the audience. This is where the conspiracy gets really dark. Modern theorists look at the satanic imagery in music videos, the goat heads, the oneey, the ritualistic choreography, and they don't see edgy marketing.

 They see them rituals. The theory is that the Otto acts as a spiritual gatekeeper for the industry. If you want to reach that super A-list level of fame, you have to be willing to participate in the Gnostic mass or other transgressive acts that break your old self. It's the ultimate deal with the devil, but done through scientific occultism.

 They argue that the moral decay people complain about in Hollywood isn't an accident. It's a deliberate Otto project to decondition humanity. So, we're ready for the Aen of Horus, a new age of chaos and self- worship. Look at modern horror movies like Sesperia or The Witch. They don't just use spooky tropes.

 They use actual OTO style invocations and sigils. The action angle here is that Hollywood is essentially a mass ritual generator. Every time millions of people watch a specific ritualistic scene at the same time, we are feeding energy into a specific ugregor or thought form. The Otto doesn't need to control the government if they can control the imagination of the planet.

 They've turned the silver screen into a black mirror for scrying. and we are the ones providing the power. So why does this matter? Because if do what thou wilt is the law of the land, then there are no more rules, the Otto's influence is why Hollywood pushes the boundaries of what is acceptable every single year.

 They are alchemists of culture, turning our traditional values into theic dust. They believe that through the wickedest show on earth, they can transform humanity into a race of sovereign gods. Or, as critics say, a race of controlled puppets who are too distracted by their own desires to see the strings.

 The dark side of Hollywood isn't just about bad behavior. It's about a hidden architecture of power that uses you as the final ingredient. So, the next time you sit down to watch a movie or scroll social media, ask yourself, are you just watching a story or are you participating in something ancient and dark?

 What Was Left Out of the Bible - and Why | Bible Secrets Revealed (S1, E3) | Full Episode | History - YouTube

Transcripts:

[music playing] NARRATOR: Are there chapters in the Bible that are missing?  There are a number of earth-shattering texts that we will likely never see in our lifetime. NARRATOR: Stories that have been censored?  These are books that allegedly were providing hidden or secret teachings. NARRATOR: And entire characters that have disappeared?  Any book that didn't have the backing of influential people gets cast out.

NARRATOR: But why? What was originally in the Bible that was so shocking, so outrageous that it should be forbidden?  They were denounced as the worst kind of blasphemy against Christ. [music playing] NARRATOR: It is one of the most-important books ever written. Its contents have been studied, debated, and fought over for thousands of years.

But does the Bible also contain secrets-- [lightning crashes] --secret prophecies, secret characters, secret texts? Now for the first time, an extraordinary series will challenge everything we think, everything we know, and everything we believe about the Bible. [music playing] The Bible. Every year, global sales of this 2000-year-old best seller exceed 100-million copies.

But not all Bibles are the same. The most obvious difference, of course, is that Judaism only recognizes what Christians refer to as the Old Testament, but even Christians use different versions of the Old and New Testaments. These vary not only in language and translation but in terms of what is included and what is not.

For example, most Protestant Bibles, including the King James Version, contain 66 books. The Catholic Bible includes 73. But the Bible of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, a Christian denomination of 45-million followers in Africa has 81.  One of the secrets of ancient Christianity is that different ethnic and religious groups had different Bibles.

So there are different groups, like the Coptics or the Ethiopian Church, they actually have some inspired books, whereas other groups do not. So we shouldn't just ask which version of the Bible is correct, but it's which collection of biblical books is correct. [music playing] NARRATOR: To be included in the official version of the Bible, or canon, a book must be considered to be divinely inspired, the word of God.

But just who decides? [church bell gonging]  I think with both the Hebrew Bible, which sort of closed by the end of the first century CE, and then the New Testament, which was closed as a canon by about the end of the fourth century CE, but once you have Bible in the vernacular language, you begin to have someone from a pulpit or from an academy who says, this is what the Bible contains.

NARRATOR: This so-called canonization of the Bible led to bitter arguments about which books should be included and which should be suppressed.  Certain books may have made it into the canon because they were good theology, but they might have made it in because they had the backing of some strong influential people.

Other books may have been very true and accurate, but they may have been marginalized because they didn't have the backing of influential people.  There were a group of men with specific agendas determining what would and what would not become canon, and this agenda was about preserving the power of the church.

The agenda here is politics and economics. It's not spirituality. NARRATOR: Until the mid 1800s, many early Bibles, even the King James Version, contained a number of books that have since been edited out. These are known as the apocrypha.  The word "apocrypha" literally means "hidden things." And so these were books that allegedly were providing hidden or secret teachings.

But the term "apocrypha" came to mean books that were not accepted as part of the official canon.  There are actually more apocryphal books than there are books that are included in the canons, whether the Hebrew Bible, Old Testament, or in the New Testament.  Some of them are historical books talking about the history of Israel after the Old Testament period.

There are some books that are historical fictions. NARRATOR: The debate about which books should or should not be included in the sacred text is almost as old as the Bible itself. Some early theologians and scholars cited disparities between ancient Hebrew and Greek texts and questioned the authenticity of various sources and authors.

 So any book that contradicts what they've decided to believe gets cast out. It's called heresy. They burn the books. They-- they-- they condemn anyone who believes this. NARRATOR: But of all the apocrypha, or hidden books of the Bible, one book in particular, the Book of Enoch, is considered so controversial that many believe it was deliberately omitted from the canonical, or official texts, because of its bizarre and outrageous contents.

Ironically, the character of Enoch does appear in current versions of the Old Testament but only as a devoted follower of God, one who lived hundreds of years before the Great Flood.  And all we know about Enoch is that he didn't die, because he walked with God, and then he was not. And so the theory there is that God took him to a special place.

 Enoch is the only one in heaven allowed to sit along with God, and he reveals information to humanity. NARRATOR: Believed to have been written over a period of time between 300 BC and 100 AD, the Book of Enoch was traditionally thought to have been authored by Enoch himself in order to share secret knowledge given to him by God.

 Enoch was an incredibly popular book in the time leading up to the formation of Christianity.  Of all the sacred texts, I think that the Book of Enoch, in many ways, is the most forbidden. NARRATOR: At some point before the fourth century, the Book of Enoch was removed from the Hebrew version of the Bible and became discredited by all but two early Christian churches.

But why? Could there be clues in the text itself?  Enoch predicts the end of the world. He predicts the coming of the Messiah. He predicts all kinds of wars and battles. But one of the things he does is, he elaborates this story of the giants. [lightning crashes] NARRATOR: According to the Book of Enoch, the giants, or watchers, were a group of renegade angels sent to Earth to guard man more than 5,000 years ago.

But instead of protecting the human race, they lusted after women and corrupted mankind.  The watchers mate with human women, but also what the watchers do is they teach women all kinds of forbidden arts, such as warfare, magic, how to make weapons, and also cosmetics. So makeup comes from the evil watchers who taught women how to make up their faces.

 The Book of Enoch is a real conundrum, because this idea that the rebellious angels have a power that can rival God is something that is very threatening to traditional church. NARRATOR: In the Book of Enoch, the offspring of the watchers and mortal women are described as giant warriors called Nephilim.  Nephilim means "the fallen ones.

" And the theory goes that they're called the fallen ones because they were revolting against God. They decided that they wanted to have all the power for themselves.  The Nephilim, these grotesque giants. They are neither angels nor people. They are described as monstrous beings, and there were apparently thousands of them that populated the Earth.

In fact, there were so many of them that, at a certain point, God had to destroy all of humanity in order to get rid of them. [lightning crashes] [music playing]  One of the things that people don't realize is that, when God sends the flood during the days of Noah, that in one version the story is that the reason God decides to destroy the Earth is because these Nephilim were on the Earth.

NARRATOR: Grotesque giants attacking humans? And the Giants in turn being destroyed by God in the Great Flood? Was the Book of Enoch purged from the standard biblical texts because it was considered too far-fetched, too outrageous? Or was it because it portrayed God as a compassionate creator, one who forgave rather than punished mankind for its sins?  God is protecting us in the Book of Enoch.

It is a very different God than the spiteful, wrathful God that we see in the Genesis account. The church derives great benefit from having us be very, very afraid of God and of God wiping us all out if we're not obedient. [music playing] NARRATOR: Did early Jewish and Christian leaders really omit the story of Enoch from the Bible because they had an agenda? Could it be that they wanted to keep their followers in line by promoting the notion of an angry and vengeful God? Perhaps the answer can be found by studying more

forbidden texts and ancient stories that suggest that what is contained in the pages of the Bible may not be the whole story. [music playing] Nag Hammadi, Upper Egypt, December 1945-- a group of farmers unearth a clay jar containing 52 religious texts written between the second and fourth centuries. Bible scholars believe they were hidden here nearly 2,000 years ago by a religious group known as the Gnostics.

 The Gnostics weren't a single group, but they had some common ideas, and one of the biggest kind of commonalities between all the different schools of gnosticism was their belief that the material world was evil.  Early on, you did have groups of Christians that held ideas that were felt by the mainstream to not be in line with the true spirit of Christianity.

 And Gnostics claim to have a tradition that comes directly from Jesus. Jesus is the first one who tells us we don't need an intermediary. We don't need priests. We don't need churches. And this is where the beginning of the Gnostic church comes from. NARRATOR: The Gnostics were followers of Jesus who claimed to have secret knowledge beyond that contained in the four Gospels of the New Testament.

And it was this alleged secret knowledge related to Jesus' life and teachings that was found at Nag Hammadi, texts that scholars refer to as the Gnostic Gospels. These so-called lost books of the New Testament include the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Philip, the Gospel of the Egyptians, and the Testimony of Truth.

 The reason that a lot of these books didn't make it into the Bible is that they weren't congruent with the core message of the books that did make it in.  Every early Christian text that makes it into the New Testament thinks that Jesus is the Messiah that prophesied in the Old Testament, but there were Christians that didn't believe this, and there were Christians that were skeptical about this strong link.

And on the whole, those Christians didn't win the day. They didn't actually find that their text made it into the scriptures.  These tests were declared to be sort of full of errors, and they'll lead you astray. One famous bishop calls them an abyss of madness and blasphemy against Christ. So these were the enemies of the early church, and Christians thought, they must have horrible things in them.

 Different bishops believe different things. Christianity was incredibly diverse in the first, second, third centuries, and they're trying to come together to hammer out just what is it that we believe. And those who had more influence-- not just money, but those who had backing-- political-- important political people-- these guys tend to get listened to a little more than guys that are just on their own.

It was a politically charged process. [music playing] NARRATOR: In 367 AD, when Archbishop Athanasius of Egypt first drew up a formal list of the books to be included in the New Testament, he declared the Gnostic texts to be heresy, and anyone daring to read them would suffer the fires of eternal damnation.

 The Archbishop of Egypt sent a letter to Christians all over Egypt and said, I want you to get rid of those secret books you like so much. Now, you can keep 27. Those 27 of the springs of salvation. Those 27 are what we now have in the New Testament. So copies of these secret texts were burned. They were destroyed.

They were thrown into the Nile. That was the order of the Orthodox Church.  They were considered to be so corrupting and so dangerous, so demonic that the religious authorities were very quick to destroy them. [interposing voices]  The penalty for copying or even keeping any of the Gnostic texts would have been increasingly severe.

It could have even led to-- to more severe punishment like torture and death.  And so, obviously, somebody who saw these documents as valuable managed to hide enough of them away in Nag Hammadi so that 2,000 years later, we could find them. NARRATOR: But just what was in the Gnostic Gospels that made them so controversial, so dangerous? Was it because the Gnostics were hostile to the notion of an increasingly powerful and centralized Catholic Church, or could it also be that the Gospels contained information

that threatened to shake the church to its very foundation?  Certainly, there was a sense among the bishops that the church had a special role in God's dispensation for the world. And so things like the sacraments, baptism, the communion were important. Those were all material acts, which virtually all the Gnostic groups tended to dismiss as unnecessary.

 Among the Nag Hammadi texts, the best-known and maybe the most important is the Gospel of Thomas. It is a collection of just over 100 sayings of Jesus. So it's not a narrative. It's not a story. He went here. He did this. He healed. He walked on water, nothing like that. It's just teachings of Jesus, but it shows a form of Christianity that's very different from the form that we read about in the Gospels.

 The Gospel of Matthew, say, in the New Testament claims to tell you what Jesus taught publicly on the hills of Galilee, thousands of people, but the Gospel of Thomas claims to tell you what he said privately to one person or two or just a few.  If you read Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, they're all the time quoting the scriptures, so Jesus does things in order to fulfill the scriptures.

When he gets to the Gospel of Thomas, he's not interested in the scriptures, never mentions the Old Testament, doesn't like Old Testament characters.  Some people thought the teachings of Jesus could have been influenced by Buddhism, so this well could be a kind of merging of different traditions, certainly Jewish traditions, certainly Christian traditions, Greek, and it could well be Indian.

NARRATOR: Is it possible, as the Gnostic Gospels suggest, that Jesus' so-called missing years were spent traveling to places like India and the Far East? Might Jesus' profound teachings have been the result of exposure to other religions and philosophies, and could the depiction of Jesus as a holy but still very mortal man be among the reasons why the Gnostic Gospels were considered so dangerous and so subversive?  The Gospels of the New Testament all tell you how important Jesus is.

Jesus of Nazareth is Son of God, the Son of man, the King of Israel, the Messiah. I mean, you name it. He's somebody very special, and he's not like you and me. Now, the Gospels of Thomas, they say something quite different. They say Jesus, yes, he may be speaking divine truth, but he's really like you and me.

You also have a sense of the divine image within you.  If other depictions of Jesus were in the Christian Bible, I think it would completely change Christianity. It wouldn't be Christianity anymore. It would be something else. NARRATOR: But as controversial as the Gnostic Gospels were and are, another lost gospel discovered half a century earlier is considered particularly outrageous, because it tells the story of Jesus and the person with whom he had a very important and very mortal relationship-- Mary Magdalene.

[music playing] Akhmim, Egypt-- it was here in 1896, along the east bank of the Nile River, that one of the most controversial of the so-called lost Gospels was discovered-- the Gospel of Mary. Considered by scholars to be a Gnostic Gospel written in the second century AD, the story is told from the perspective of Mary Magdalene herself.

 There's a lot of controversy about Mary Magdalene, right. In the Bible, she's portrayed a certain way. She's one of the followers of Jesus. Oftentimes, she's described as a prostitute, as one who Jesus kind of picked up from obscurity and made her one of his followers.  The Gospel of Mary Magdalene seems to suggest that Jesus shared things with Mary that he didn't share with the rest of the disciples.

 In this book, it specifically says that Jesus loved Mary more than the other disciples. In fact, they actually put that in the mouths of one of the disciples. Well, don't you know that he loved her more than us. NARRATOR: Although the actual author of this gospel is unknown and the first few chapters have never been found, the text seems to reveal astonishing details about Mary's relationship with Jesus and the men who are commonly referred to as his 12 apostles.

 We're told in the Gospel of Mary Magdalene that she receives secrets from Jesus because of his particular love for her. We're not told what those secrets are, but we're told that they are too secret or too holy for her to repeat.  Unfortunately, the document is not whole, so we don't get most of what Mary told the other Disciples the parts that we do have suggest that she was telling a story similar in some ways to the old Book of Enoch about rising up to various levels of heaven and learning things about these various levels

and then passing that information back to us.  There is a jealous explosion that comes from Peter and from his brother Andrew over this idea that Mary has been given information that the rest of them do not have, that Mary Magdalene is in possession of wisdom teachings that have not been shared with anyone else.

 In the end, Peter seems to somehow turn on Mary, but another disciple says, what's wrong, Peter? Why do you get so upset about these things? If Jesus taught her these things, we should rejoice that we have them, and it sort of ends on a positive note. And one of the Disciples does defend Mary. The book makes Peter the bad guy.

 What makes this gospel so important is that there is no debate within this material of Mary's authority amongst the apostles. NARRATOR: Even in the traditional pages of the New Testament, Mary Magdalene plays a significant role in the life and death of Jesus. She is one of the followers who stands by him during his crucifixion.

She is also one of the first witnesses at the scene of his miraculous resurrection.  One thing that we know is that the Gospels all agree that the first people to see Jesus risen or to recognize that he was alive after his death were the women. And if seeing Jesus alive after his death makes you a disciple, you'd think Mary would be one of the most important disciples.

 One might wonder, why isn't this made a bigger deal of in the New Testament? Are they trying to suppress something?  2,000 years of church tradition is overturned by the Gnostic Gospels, because Mary Magdalene emerges as the apostle of the apostles. She emerges as a successor of Jesus, and I think this more than anything else that is within the Gnostic Gospels is absolutely terrifying to the modern church.

 Many people have thought that, in fact, the later church leaders-- say 20, 30 years after Jesus' life-- wanted to de-emphasize the role that women played in the life of Jesus and in the early church. And one way to do that was to elevate the importance of the disciples, the male disciples-- Peter, James, and John and the others.

And so there may have been battles in early Christianity between those who wanted to elevate the men and those who wanted to celebrate the women, and we know which side ended up winning out.  There's no doubt that a patriarchal establishment does eventually take hold in early Christianity. I think that that's associated very closely with when Christianity becomes an arm of the Roman Empire.

It was the Roman Empire after all that praised the violent power of males and their armies, and Christianity unfortunately embraced a good deal of that thinking. [music playing] NARRATOR: Could this be why the Gospel of Mary Magdalene and the other so-called lost Gospels were kept out of the New Testament? Because the early church had a pro-male and anti-female agenda? And could this agenda have been further supported by the deletion of yet another Gnostic text-- the so-called Testimony of Truth, that describes a different version of the story

of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden?  In the Genesis story, you've got a talking snake trying to convince Adam and Eve to eat the fruit of a magical tree, a tree of knowledge, but what it implies is that you shouldn't pursue knowledge.  In the Testimony of Truth, the serpent is the hero, because he granted knowledge to mankind instead of hiding it, keeping it from them.

 One of the things the serpent questions and asks us is, why doesn't God want you to have knowledge? Why wouldn't God want you to have knowledge if he loves you so much? Why is knowledge a forbidden thing? So this idea of the Testimony of Truth is really questioning what the church is doing and why the church is hiding the real wisdom.

NARRATOR: By editing the Bible in such a way as to blame Eve for mankind's fall, did the leaders of the early church really seek to suppress the role of women, or did they genuinely believe the Testimony of Truth to be a false gospel, a subversive attempt to corrupt God's holy message? For many Bible scholars and theologians, additional clues can be found by examining yet another controversial text, one that dares to answer the ultimate question-- where do we come from? [music playing] [birds chirping] In the Book of Genesis, the story of Adam and Eve

virtually ends with the couple's expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Except for the tragic story of their first-born sons, Cain and Abel, little is known about their fate.  Adam and Eve are kicked out of the Garden, and then our account in Genesis ends. We don't know what happens to them. There were a lot of ancient scrolls, a lot of ancient books, and not all of them made it into the Bible.

One of them is the Life of Adam and Eve, which is the second half of the Adam and Eve stories. It sort of fills in all of the interesting details, and it's not included in the Bible. [music playing] NARRATOR: Thought to have been written in the first century AD, the life of Adam and Eve is based on an original Hebrew manuscript that, although lost, has survived in various other languages and under numerous titles.

The story describes Adam and Eve's lives after their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. It also reveals many interesting details about the couple's family life.  We find that, once Cain kills Abel, Adam and Eve are then given as a gift from God another son named Seth, who becomes the good son, but then beyond that, they are given 60 more children, 30 sons and 30 daughters, that accounts for a lot more children than we're ever told about in the traditional Bible.

NARRATOR: The Book of Genesis gives few details of Adam's later life, simply recording that he lived for 930 years. But the ancient Hebrew text of the Life of Adam and Eve paints a much fuller picture.  One of the elements that you see in the life of Adam and Eve that you don't see in canonical Genesis is the emergence of disease and death with Adam and Eve.

 There's a fascinating dialogue with Adam talking to God saying, you know, what's going on? Why did this happen? I used to be happy. Now I'm unhappy. I used to have a perfect life. Now I have to till the Earth in order to get food. What did I ever do to deserve this?  Adam suffers, and then he sends Eve and Seth, his son, back into the Garden of Eden to get some holy oil to alleviate the pains that his sin has brought on him.

Ultimately, it doesn't work. He dies.  One of the things that's fascinating about the Life of Adam and Eve is that Eve gets to tell her piece of the story. Eve is far more sympathetic in this version of the Life of Adam and Eve than she is in the traditional Old Testament account, and I think that might be one of the reasons why this particular document is considered a little bit scary or threatening to the church.

[music playing] NARRATOR: But if the leaders of the early church were determined to limit the role of women, why? Was it simply in the interest of promoting a male-dominated society, or was there another more secret reason, one that, if revealed, might challenge the conventional Christian view of God as a single masculine power and of the male as the dominant force in both political and religious life? Kuntillet Ajrud, Egypt-- this archaeological site located in the Sinai Peninsula is believed to have once

been a religious center built by the Israelites between the eighth and ninth centuries BC. During excavations in 1975, researchers unearthed two large ceramic jars, each covered with strange symbols and illustrations of humans and animals. But also included were Hebrew inscriptions which revealed a radical notion, that God had a wife named Asherah.

 It actually says, may you be blessed by Yahweh, the Hebrew God, and his Asherah.  There was a goddess in ancient Israel known as Asherah. She was the consort or the wife of Yahweh, the God who we find in the Hebrew Bible. NARRATOR: In fact, the name Asherah is mentioned more than 40 times throughout nine different books of the Old Testament.

In the Book of Jeremiah, Asherah is even described as the queen of heaven. And there is evidence that she was worshiped by the ancient Israelites as late as the time of Jeremiah in the 7th century BC. But was Asherah really believed to be the wife of God. If so, then when did this notion change and why?  While the Bible that we have says that, you know, there is one God, the archaeological evidence might suggest that God actually had a wife.

[music playing]  They are spoken of as a divine couple, the ultimate beloved relationship, the divine feminine and the divine masculine coming together to create the ultimate creator force which is God.  Asherah symbols were a tree, and she was often associated with serpents. So some scholars have even argued that what's behind the story of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden is actually a really old goddess myth.

 And by the time she's written about in the Bible, she's a foreign idol, she's a god, she's a fertility goddess, and she is to not be worshipped, and she's to be banished and burned.  The Bible rails against idolatry. This idea of worshipping other gods in addition to the god that was taught to us by Moses.

This was not tolerated by the central voices of the Bible, but the fact that they're constantly going on about it means that it was happening.  The single unique idea of the Bible is that God was sexless, that God had no consort, that God had no sexual identity. Now, the language of the Bible uses male pronouns, and so we are accustomed to thinking of God as a male, but one of the ways to distinguish between the religion of the Bible and virtually every other religion of the ancient world was that only among the Israelites

was God a sexless creature. NARRATOR: But while stories of a powerful goddess sitting as an equal at God's side have been purged from the Hebrew testament, the Gnostic Gospels seem to support the idea.  Now, one of the things that is so important about the Gnostic material, what we see is a male and female God who are equals who rule together in heaven as our mother and father in heaven.

[music playing] NARRATOR: Was the Bible deliberately edited to suppress the idea that God might have a dual nature comprised of both male and female aspects, or was it to purge from the text stories and characters that were thought to be too far-fetched or might frighten off potential converts? There are those who believe such is the case with three more of the Bible's forbidden and forgotten texts, which are attributed to one of Jesus' most devoted followers, the apostle Peter.

[music playing] Apocalypse. [explosion] For centuries, this ominous word has evoked thoughts of utter destruction. [explosion] Armageddon, the end of days. But the word "apocalypse" actually has a much-less-sinister definition. Derived from the ancient Greek term "apocalypsis," it also means "a revealing" or "an unveiling.

"  An apocalypse was a revealing of a heavenly secret to a prophet or a seer. This prophet has a vision, usually a bizarre vision, filled with very strange imagery.  The apocalyptic idea is to convince you that, for just a little bit more suffering now, you will have a really long or perhaps eternal reward. NARRATOR: In the conventional versions of the New Testament, perhaps the strangest and most unusual of all the sacred texts is the Apocalypse of John, also known as the Book of Revelation.

In it, John describes the end of days, the day when Jesus returned to Earth and decides who will join him in heaven and who will suffer the eternal flames of hell.  People today know about the Revelation of John, the book called the Apocalypse. What people don't realize is that that book almost did not make it into the New Testament.

NARRATOR: But as bizarre and disturbing as the Book of Revelation may be, there were, in fact, other apocalyptic gospels that were thought to be too strange to be included. One of these is known as the Apocalypse of Peter.  When I first encountered what are called the Gnostic Gospels, we were all surprised that there were so many gospels that weren't in the New Testament.

There's all these other books of revelation.  Some church fathers thought the Apocalypse of Peter belonged in the New Testament instead of the Apocalypse of John. NARRATOR: Written in the second century AD, the Apocalypse of Peter is one of at least 20 books of revelation that were kept out of the New Testament.

It depicts what some might call a guided tour of both heaven and hell, where Jesus graphically reveals to Peter the gruesome consequences of sin.  Peter is shown places where people are being punished for their characteristic sin on Earth, and so liars are hanged by their tongues over eternal flames, women who have seduced men by braiding their hair to make themselves attractive are hanged by their hair over eternal flames.

In this case, they cry out, we didn't know it would come to this. NARRATOR: But while the text of Peter's journey through hell may seem extreme, the depiction of Jesus' resurrection in the Gospel of Peter is considered downright bizarre even by scholars. [music playing]  When Jesus emerges from the tomb, also emerging from the tomb after Jesus is the cross.

The cross itself comes out of the tomb. God says, where have you been? What have you been doing? Have you been preaching to the souls that are departed? And the cross replies, yes. So we even have a walking, talking cross at Jesus's resurrection. NARRATOR: In yet another banned book attributed to the apostle Peter, the Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter, Jesus is depicted as a man who laughs in the face of his own death.

 Jesus shows him the crucified man on the cross, and then Jesus shows him a laughing man on the tree, and he tells Peter, the real me is the laughing man on the tree. It's not the dead man on the cross. This text is telling us that Jesus did not want us to focus on the crucifixion. Now, what becomes very important about the Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter is it is entirely a condemnation of what's happening in the evolving traditional church.

NARRATOR: Were these three books, all attributed to Peter, deleted from the Bible because they were considered too bizarre, or were they, as some scholars believe, excluded because of their overemphasis on sensational visions and unorthodox claims rather than focusing on the teachings and philosophies of Jesus?  There was this sense that there was a core belief that had to be maintained, that there were certain non-negotiable truths that were part of the Christian gospel.

And so if anything was contradictory to that, then it needed to be suppressed.  There are a number of earth-shattering texts that we will likely never see in our lifetime. [music playing]  One of the pressing questions is, why did the authors include the stories they included and leave out so much else? There's no easy answer to the question of why they included what they did.

 When we are exposed to Bible stories, they are censored. They are selected and censored. The most-troubling, the most-titillating, the most-provocative passages are left out. [music playing] NARRATOR: Throughout the centuries, the Bible has stood up to the challenges of history, scholarship, and even politics and remains, for billions of people, one of the unshakable pillars of a civilized world.

It is a compact between mankind and an almighty God, a testament of faith, and even though the discovery of more new chapters or lost gospels may challenge what we believe, it will not likely change it.

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